Minor Species Production Technologists (257671), (S.E.N.A) - Apartado-Antioquia-Colombia

 The beekeeping.

source: http://www.elmundo.es/elmundo/hemeroteca/2012/03/09/m/ciencia.html

Picture take by: Cleris Janeth Serpa Ospina

Beekeeping  or bee cultivation is a farming activity  oriented to  breed bees and to provide them the  necessary care in order to get the products you are able to produce and gather in order to meet the needs that  man has for these.

Picture take by: Cleris Janeth Serpa Ospina

The main product that gets the man in this activity is honey. An indirect benefit resulting from the bees activities of pollen recollection performing  pollination of the plants. 

Picture take by: Cleris Janeth Serpa Ospina

Peking order of the bees.

Bees are social insects with three different types of individuals or castes in the colony:

1) Queen Bee.

2) Working bee.

3) Drone bee. 

Life of Bees.

Bees belongs to the family of the Hymenoptera, (Greek hymen = membrane), insects translucent and membranous wings, like the wasp and ant. It lives in all parts of the World, except in regions where winter is too cold. There are numerous species of bees, but we call it  honey bee, its scientific named is  Apis melífica (or Apis mellifera) 

Royal jelly.

It is a substance secreted by the  head hypopharyngeal glands of young  worker bees , between 5 and 15 days, mixed with stomach secretions that provides food for all larvae during the first three days of life. Only the queen bee larvae and queen cells that give rise to a new queen is fed royal jelly at all times. It is a viscous mass of soft yellow and sour taste.

WORK.

1.Copulate with the queen bee.

2.Feeding larvae.

3.Monitor temperatures.

CYCLE QUEEN BEE.

3 days                 6 days                  7 days  

!------------------------!------------------------!  16 Days.

                 

egg              Larva           Pupa 

Functions.

Give cohesion to the whole group.

stimulation induces conducive to work and overall dynamism

It is the mother, under normal conditions, of all individuals in the colony.

Cycle working bee.

The worker bee lives in the active period of the spring-summer of 45-60 days in the winter period

recess 180 days de receso invernal hasta 180 días

3 days                                  6 days                       12 days

!----------------!-----------------------!--------------------------!

       Egg             larva                     pupa                               21 días

Hybrids.

Crosses between pure breeds are in search of higher production, which are denominated. that the breeder is able to avoid inbreeding, since it reduces fertility and vigor of the hive to the point of not surviving.

Generally the crosses develop a new stable combination, which the feature is transmitted to their daughters but not their granddaughters, who makes each time you want to get a hybrid queen, bees have to resort to high purity of race, and there is a low probability of repeating the result.

APIS FLOREA: ABEJA DIMINUTA DE LA INDIA

APIS MELLIFERA

APIS CERANA

APIS DORSATA: BEE GIGANTE

RACE OF BEE BLAKC O MORENAS 

The language of bees.

All essential information to the organization of the hive comes from chemical secretions, pheromones, secreted by the queen but also by workers. Messenger substances is circulating from one another through the mouth and the antenna and that they get all the information.

Pheromones are used to identify such places - identification of the hive, nectar springs location of places of swarming, queen of the drones in the wedding back ... - To issue alerts, monitor food stocks, the population balance regulating the laying of the queen, permanently maintain the ideal temperature and humidity within the hive 

 Bees also have among them a very precise code language, the dance: this dance performed by the scout bees at the arrival to the hive,  it informs the other about the place and the distance from a source of supply.

The dance in a circle means a place very close (within 25 meters). To further afield to ten kilometers, dance or dance bustling eight very complicated figures indicates oscillations depending on the abdominal and vibrations emitted, the distance of the loot to pick.

The address is expressed relative to the position of the sun. The distance by the number and speed of the turns made ​​by the bee on itself.

Note.

An essential role in nature:

Bees play an essential role in pollination, the multiplication of floral species and the development of fruit crops without pollen, no fruit, no bee pollination! Bees are very sensitive to pollution. It is essential that men respect their environment and maintain favorable conditions for its development: eg. avoiding harmful chemical treatments on fruit crops, destruction of hedgerows lining the fields, rich in plants melíficas, or abandonment of crops such as alfalfa or clover, large nectar producers.

  

Source: ecologiayevolucionib.blogspot.com